A silky solution

I just can’t help it. Things annoy me. It bothers me when our DVR records everything but the last minute of a suspense show on TV. I visibly shake my head when, with a carful of passengers blocking my view of the subway stations, the operator announces stops in an inaudible whisper. And don’t get me started about lukewarm food in a restaurant.
 
Well, I thought I had finally experienced all of the annoyances in life until the other day, when it occurred to me there was yet another: spider webs. I am just sick-and-tired of walking into these invisible air nets as I squeeze around the corner from our deck, scratch myself on the bushes (hmmm, another annoyance) and reach out to turn on the hose to water my garden. Almost every day those webs brush my face and I expect to feel a big, fat spider on the top of my head. Very annoying.
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The broccoli story

Broccoli: You either love it or hate it.  I, of course, fall into both categories. If it’s baked or steamed and is reasonably tender, I like it a lot. If it’s grilled, I hate it. In fact, I hate ALL grilled veggies. To me, veggies should be eaten either raw or cooked. Grilled is neither, and I’m not afraid to say that in light of all of the kind words nutritionists spout about this cruciferous green vegetable.

Curiously, all of our four kids like broccoli and, for this reason, whenever we have one of our famous birthday dinner parties, that’s the vegetable du jour. Always. Well, occasionally we slip in a large chafing dish of green beans, a reasonably close second choice....

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Berry good advice

My wife has been kidding me about my memory for as long as I can remember. This could go back more than 17 years, but I can’t be sure. The good news is that I have never had a photographic memory. Not even close. She, on the other hand, remembers things. She always has, always will.

So it is with a great deal of trepidation that I call to everyone’s attention a certain study that we featured at the recent ACS National Meeting & Exposition in Boston. I actually considered not telling my wife about it, but that’s not fair. Before I share the results, though, you need to know this: She eats large quantities of blueberries and strawberries every morning. In fact, she consumes more of these fruits in one breakfast sitting than I consume in six months. This may change for me… Now to the study:

Scientists have reported the first evidence that eating blueberries, strawberries, and acai berries may help the aging brain stay healthy in a crucial but previously unrecognized way. Their study, presented at the 240th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, concluded that berries, and possibly walnuts, activate the brain’s natural “housekeeper” mechanism, which cleans up and recycles toxic proteins linked to age-related memory loss and other mental decline.

Shibu Poulose, Ph.D., who presented the report, said previous research suggested that one factor involved in aging is a steady decline in the body’s ability to protect itself against inflammation and oxidative damage. This leaves people vulnerable to degenerative brain diseases, heart disease, cancer, and other age-related disorders.

“The good news is that natural compounds called polyphenolics found in fruits, vegetables and nuts have an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect that may protect against age-associated decline,” said Poulose, who is with the U. S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging in Boston. Poulose did the research with James Joseph, Ph.D., who died June 1. Joseph, who headed the laboratory, pioneered research on the role of antioxidants in fruits and nuts in preventing age-related cognitive decline.

Their past studies, for instance, showed that old laboratory rats fed for two months on diets containing 2 percent high-antioxidant strawberry, blueberry, or blackberry extract showed a reversal of age-related deficits in nerve function and behavior that involves learning and remembering.

To read more, go to berries and the brain.

Photo courtesy of Wikimedia Commons

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Coal from mass extinction era linked to lung cancer mystery

When I was a small boy growing up in Hartford, Conn., the insurance capital of the nation, furnaces heated the apartment house where we lived. I don’t know how it happened, but I fell in love with coal. I used to go down to the basement where the huge furnaces were and watch the janitor shovel loads of the stuff into the blazing furnace. As a bonus, the janitor had a cat named Dinah who always seemed to be giving birth to a basketful of kittens. My friends and I liked to play with those kittens.

Not only did I love the coal in its natural state, but I loved the ash. Now, here’s where the story gets a little weird. Our apartment building had two sections and they would line up trash cans of coal ash in front of each. If my side would have fewer cans of trash on pickup day, I would cry. True story.

So you can imagine how interested I was when I saw a study about coal that appeared in last week’s ACS PressPac. The study concluded that the volcanic eruptions thought responsible for Earth’s largest mass extinction — which killed more than 70 percent of plants and animals 250 million years ago — is still taking lives today. And for the first time, the study found that the high silica content of coal in one region of China may be interacting with volatile substances in the coal to cause unusually high rates of lung cancer. The study, which helps solve this cancer mystery, appears in ACS’ Environmental Science & Technology, a semi-monthly publication.

David Large and colleagues note that parts of China’s Xuan Wei County in Yunnan Province have the world’s highest incidence of lung cancer in nonsmoking women — 20 times higher than the rest of China. Women in the region heat their homes and cook on open coal-burning stoves that are not vented to the outside. Scientists believe that indoor emissions from burning coal cause cancer, but are unclear why the lung cancer rates in this region are so much higher than other areas. Earlier studies show a strong link between certain volatile substances, called PAHs, in coal smoke and lung cancer in the region.

The scientists found that coal used in parts of Xuan Wei County had about 10 times more silica, a suspected carcinogen, than U.S. coal. Silica may work in conjunction with PAHs to make the coal more carcinogenic, they indicate. The scientists also found that this high-silica coal was formed 250 million years ago, at a time when massive volcanic eruptions worked to deposit silica in the peat that formed Xuan Wei’s coal.

To read more, go to coal. Image courtesy of the U.S. Dept. of Energy

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The American Chemical Society's Office of Public Affairs' new pressroom blog highlights prominent research from ACS' 41 journals. It includes daily commentary on the latest news from ACS' weekly PressPac, including video and audio segments from researchers on topics covering chemistry and related sciences. The blog also covers updates on ACS' awards, the national meetings and other general news from the world's largest scientific society.

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